BaitingĪ baiting attack is an attempt to make an attractive promise that will lure the victim into a trap. ![]() Either way, authorized personnel may decide to help these individuals to gain access to the building. It could also be a woman holding heavy boxes. ![]() The individual approaches and asks for help, claiming to have forgotten their access badge. For example, authorized personnel arrives at the entrance of a facility. Piggybacking is very similar to tailgating, except that the authorized individual is not only aware of the actor but also allows the actor to “piggyback” off the credentials. After reaching the entrance, the threat actor may quickly stick their foot or any other object into the door before it is completely shut and locked. To tailgate means to closely follow authorized personnel into a facility without being noticed. Tailgating is a social engineering technique that enables threat actors to gain physical access to facilities. Employees received messages from pretexers impersonating senior executives of the company and requesting payments to the attackers’ bank accounts. One successful social engineering attack involving impersonation was the 2015 attack on Ubiquiti Networks. One-time passwords are then forwarded to the attacker instead of the victim. The pretexter impersonates a victim and claims to have lost their phone and persuades the mobile operator to switch the phone number to the attacker’s SIM. This involves maintaining a sense of credibility, often by spoofing the phone numbers or email addresses of impersonated institutions or individuals.Īn example of impersonation is the SIM swap scam, which exploits vulnerabilities in two-step verification processes including SMS or phone verification to take over target accounts. Types of pretexting attacks ImpersonationĪn impersonator imitates the behavior of another actor, usually a trusted person such as a colleague or friend. Pretexters use a variety of tactics and techniques to gain the trust of their targets and convince them to hand over valuable information. This requires threat actors to establish a credible story that does not make victims suspicious of any foul play. While phishing attacks tend to use urgency and fear to exploit victims, pretexting attacks establish a false sense of trust with a targeted victim. These disguises let them target C-level executives or other employees with extensive privileges, who are more valuable for attackers. Many threat actors who adopt this attack type masquerade as employees or HR personnel in the finance department. For example, a threat actor might pretend to be an external IT services auditor and use this alias to convince the physical security team of an organization to allow the threat actor to enter the building. Sophisticated pretexting attacks may attempt to trick victims into performing an action that exploits the physical and/or digital weaknesses of an organization. ![]() In reality, the threat actor steals this information and then uses it to carry out secondary attacks or identity theft. ![]() A pretext is a made-up scenario developed by threat actors for the purpose of stealing a victim’s personal data.ĭuring pretexting attacks, threat actors typically ask victims for certain information, stating that it is needed to confirm the victim’s identity. Pretexting is a certain type of social engineering technique that manipulates victims into divulging information.
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